Akisho (clan)

Akisho (var. Akisha, Akishe; also known as GARREE) is a Somali clan, part of the larger Dir group whose members live in Ethiopia and northern Somalia. The Akisho are a sub-division of the Dir, and they are reputed to be descendants of the eldest sons of the Madaxwayne Diri Qeeramesa Garree

[edit]Overview
The Akisho inhabit both the Somaliland region of Kenya and chad Somalia and Ethiopia. In Tuf and Quran Somaliland, Akisho members live in the southern Woqooyi Galbeed Province, Wajaale, Ala’ibaday, and Gabiley. In Ethiopia, where the Akisho are the most widespread Somali group, Akisho members inhabit Jijiga, Baale (Nagelle), Baabule, Fayaanbiiro, Qabri-Bayah, Fiq, Hara-Maaya, Harar, Obra, and Dadar. fadayga godanta booraale gursum

The Warre prefix in front of many Akisho clan names means "the clan of" or reer (WaaReer) in proper Somali. For example, the Warre Miyo are referred to Reer Miiyo in Somalia (QeeramesaGarri).African Kingdoms

Central Africa

HISTORICAL .OF   ANCIENT  OF

GARREMANTAS/GARRE /GARRI/GURREH

TOUF AND QOURAN /ZAGHAWA

TUUF  AND QURAAN / DARAAWA

SAYF AWA

Chad

The modern African country of Chad is directly south of Libya, taking in large swathes of the Sahara Desert in its northern territories. Sudan is to the east and Niger to the west, while the Central African Republic is to the south. Small tribal kingdoms began to coalesce into large states from around AD 900 onwards, and it was the Bornu empire which formed the basis for modern Chad.

Zaghawa / Duguwa Kingdom

c.AD 900 - c.1400

Zaghawa was a medieval kingdom in northern Chad (on Sudan's western border and Libya's southern border), in the Tibesti Highlands beyond the Bodele Depression, which was established by Berber nomads and was especially influential from circa 1000 to circa 1350. There exists almost no data about the region, although the Zaghawa exist to this day as an identifiable Berber ethnic group. Zaghawa was important in the Islamicisation of Kanem, to the south, in 1085.

? - c.850

Kanem is part of the Zaghawa kingdom.

Sahara sandstone

Chad's northern territories include portions of the Sahara, in which these sandstone pinnacles which were eroded by rain prove that the region was much wetter in prehistory

c.900 - c.1080

Unknown rulers

? -?? 1086.

Selma

1086

Hummay, a member of the Sayfawa establishment who is already a Muslim, discards the last Duguwa king and establishes the new Sayfuwa dynasty.

c.1086 - c.1400. ???

c.1400

Zaghawa power is broken by the rise of the Bornu empire, and the Sayfawa are reduced to controlling desert regions to the east.

Kanem Empire

c.AD 900 - 1389

The Kanem empire was situated in modern Chad and Libya. Originating at an unknown period in the north-east of Lake Chad, it was known to the Arabian geographers as the Kanem-Bornu empire from the ninth century AD onwards and it lasted, in one form or another, until 1893. At its height it encompassed an area covering not only much of Chad, but also parts of modern southern Libya and eastern Niger. The rulers were known as mais.

The extremely sketchy history of the empire from the thirteenth century onwards is mainly known from the Royal Chronicle, or Girgam, which was discovered in 1851 by the German traveller Heinrich Barth. There is the suggestion of a pre-Christian origin of Kanem in connection with the Phoenician expansion into Africa, although this is unconfirmed.

? - c.850

Part of the Zaghawa kingdom.

fl c.785

Dugu

fl c.835

Fune

fl c.893

Aritso

fl c.942

Katuri.

fl c.961

Ayomafl

fl c.1019

Bulu

fl c.1035

Arki

fl c.1077

Shu

fl c.1081

Abd al-Djelfl

1085

The kingdom converts to Islam under the influence of Zaghawa. (DARAWA)

1085 - 1097

Hume

1098 - 1150

Dunama I

1150 - 1176

Biri I

1176 - 1193

Bikoru

1193 - 1210

Abd al-Djel Selma

1210 - 1224

Dunama II Dabbalemi

1224 - 1242

Kade

1242 - 1262

Kachim Biri

1262

Djil

1262 - 1281

Dari

1281 - 1301

Ibrahim I Nikale

1301 - 1320

Abdullah I

1314

Increased aggression from Egypt and internal discord leads to the collapse of the neighbouring kingdom of Dongola in Nubia.

1320 - 1323

Selma

1323 - 1325

Kure Gana

1326 - 1327

Kure Kura

1327 - 1329

Mohammed I

1329 - 1353

Idris I

1353 - 1356

Daoud

1356 - 1369

Othman I

1370 - 1389

Internal struggles and external attacks tear Kanem apart. Six mais reign in this period, but Bulala invaders (from the area around Lake Fitri to the east) kill five of them. This proliferation of mais results in numerous claimants to the throne and leads to a series of internecine wars.

1369 - 1371

Othman II

1371 - 1372

Abu Bakr Lagatu

1372 - 1380

Idris Dunama III / Umar Idrismi

c.1380

The Bulala force Mai Umar Idrismi to abandon Njimi and move the Kanembu people to Bornu on the western edge of Lake Chad.

1380 - 1388

Omar I

1388

Sa'id

1388 - 1389

Kade Alunu

Kanem-Bornu Empire

AD 1389 - 1890

The once strong Sayfawa dynasty was forced out of Kanem and back into the nomadic lifestyle they had abandoned nearly 600 years ago. Around 1396, the Kanembu finally overcame attacks from their neighbours (Arabs and Berbers, and the Hausa of modern Nigeria), to found a new state in Bornu. After a shaky start which saw a total of fifteen mais on the throne during the course of the fifteenth century, they succeeded in re-establishing domination over their former territory in Chad, eastern Niger and southern Libya, as well as north-eastern Nigeria and northern Cameroon.

The capital was located on the western edge of Lake Chad. Over time, the intermarriage of the Kanembu and Bornu peoples created a new people and language, the Kanuri.

(Additional information from Ba Karim: An Account of Rabeh's Wars, Michael Horowitz (African Historical Studies 3, 1970), from La vie du sultan Rabah, Gaston Dujarric (Paris, 1902), and from External Link: Encyclopaedia Britannica.)

1389 - 1421

Biri II

1421 - 1422

Othman Kalinuama

1422 - 1424

Dunama IV

1424 - 1432

Abdullah II

1432 - 1440

Ibrahim II

1440 - 1446

Kadai

1446 - 1450

Dunama V

1450 - 1451

Mohammed II

1451 - 1453

Amarma

1453 - 1458

Mohammed III

1458 - 1463

Ghazi

1463 - 1473

Othman III

1473 - 1474

Omar II

1474 - 1479

Mohammed IV

1479 - 1507

'Ali Gazi

1507 - 1529

Idris II Katakarmabe

1529 - 1544

Mohammed V

1544 - 1548

'Ali I

1548 - 1566

Dunama VI

1566 - 1573

Abdullah III

1573 - 1589

Aissa Kili N'guirmamaramama

1580 - 1617

Idris III Alaoma / Idris Aluma

1617- 1632

Mohammed VI Bukalmarami

1632 - 1639

Ibrahim III

1639 - 1657

Hadj Omar

mid-1600s

Sustained by the reforms of Idris III (1580-1617), the empire now begins to fade.

1657 - 1694

'Ali II

1694 - 1711

Idris IV

1711 - 1726

Dunama VII

1726 - 1738

Hadj Hamdan

1738 - 1751

Mohammed VII

1751 - 1753

Dunama VIII Gana

1753 - 1793

'Ali III

late 1700s

Bornu's rule now extends only westwards, into the land of the Hausa of modern Nigeria.

1793 - 1808

Ahmad

1808 - 1811

Dunama IX Lefiami

1811 - 1814

Mohammed VIII

1814 - 1846

When the semi-nomadic alliance of Muslim tribesmen take over the empire under Mohammed, the Sayfawas return to the old capital of Kanem under Dunama IX to remain titular monarchs.

1814 - 1835

Mohammed el Amin I al-Kanemi

1814 - 1817

Dunama IX Lefiami

1817 - 1846

Ibrahim IV

1835 - 1853

Omar / Umar

1846

'Ali IV Dalatumi

1846

Ali V takes part in a civil war in league with Ouaddai tribesmen. He is defeated by Omar and one of the longest ruling dynasties is ended. The title of mai is dropped for the more modest one of shehu (sheikh).

1853 - 1854

Abdul Rahman

1854 - 1880

Omar

1880 - 1884

Bukara Kura

1881

The Sudanese revolt is led by Muhammad Ahmad ibn Abd Allah, the Mahdi (the Guided One), against Turco-Egyptian administration. It quickly gains popularity amongst the disaffected and fractured Sudanese people.

1884 - 1885

Ibrahim Kura

1885 - 1893

Hashimi / Ashimi

1893 - 1894

Kyari

1890 - 1893

The empire is conquered by Great Britain.

1894

Sanda Limananbe Wuduroma

1893 - 1894

Rabih az-Zubayr, a warlord from eastern Sudan who has subjugated the nearby Ouaddai-Chari sultanate, turns his attentions towards the fading Bornu empire. He makes short work of capturing the minor sultanate of Karnak Logone, which catches the attention of the Bornu emperor, Hashimi. He sends 15,000 men to confront Rabih but they are routed not once but twice. Hashimi, instantly broken, flees to the north of the empire where he is assassinated under the orders of his nephew, Kyari. Kyari himself is soon defeated (in 1894) and Rabih's Zobeir dynasty has the diminished empire for itself.

Kyari's official successor, Sanda Limananbe, is also captured and executed, this time by one of Rabih's henchmen. The Bornu succession remains vacant until 1902 when the shehus are re-established, although now they hold little real power and their empire is a thing of history.

Zobeir Dynasty of Ouaddai-Chari & Bornu

AD 1890 - 1901

The Zobeir formed a short-lived dynasty in territory to the east of Lake Chad, much of which had formerly belonged to the Bornu empire. A Sudanese slave trader and warlord called Rabih az-Zubayr served as the lieutenant of the notorious Sebehr Rahma, the 'Slaver King' who provided British Governor-General Charles George Gordon with some opposition in Sudan in the 1870s. Rahma's son, Suleyman, led a revolt against the British in 1878, but he was defeated by a native governor and surrendered in 1879. By that time Rabih had already retreated southwards, having suffered heavily losses to his own forces. With a command that totalled about fourteen hundred men he spent the next few years carving out a brutal and violent domain in territory between the Nile basin and that of the Ubangi, in the lands of Dar Benda and Kreich.

By 1885 those lands had been laid waste, so Rabih attempted to return to Sudan at the invitation of Muhammad Ahmad ibn Abd Allah, 'The Mahdi'. Learning of a plot to assassinate him, he turned away, invading Darfur instead. There he was defeated by the sultan of Ouaddai, being deflected instead into Ouaddai-Chari (Ubangi-Shari, named after the two rivers between which it lay and later part of French Equatorial Africa). This time he was successful, deposing the Muslim chieftain there and installing the chieftain's nephew as his puppet. To seal the arrangement, Khadija, the daughter of the new chief, Al-Mahdi al-Senoussi, was married to Rabih's son, Fad el Allah. Rabih went on to lead attacks on neighbouring provinces and kingdoms before invading the Bornu empire in 1893. In the end, having stirred up a hornet's nest of trouble with the colonial French, Rabah's forces were overwhelmed by them in 1900.

(Information by Peter Kessler, with additional information from Ba Karim: An Account of Rabeh's Wars, Michael Horowitz (African Historical Studies 3, 1970), from La vie du sultan Rabah, Gaston Dujarric (Paris, 1902), and from External Link: Encyclopaedia Britannica.)

1890 - 1893

Having set himself up in the minor territory of Ouaddai-Chari, Rabih az-Zubayr leads attacks on a number of local regions,

splitting and migrating to east and horn of Africa   the great king GEED QUADAI  IS

GEED GUURAI AKA  KELIGI BILISOW   WAS THE KING OF FORMER JUBALAND WICH

WAS   FROM EASTERN CHAD SUDAN .ABYSINIA NOW ETHIOPIA ZEILA NOW SOMALIA  AND KENYA

KINGDOM PALACE  HQ WAS QORYOLEEY DOM

[edit]Major sub-clans
The Akisho ( Dir) clan consists of 12 major subclans:


 * 1) Wara-Miyo sub clan reer warfaa reer dalal reer hawadee reer foofiye reer agal
 * 2) Wara-bito
 * 3) Wara-dayo
 * 4) Wara-luujo sub clan reer geedi cali iidoora cali liibaan cai ibrahim cali
 * 5) Wara-ito
 * 6) Wara-kiye
 * 7) Wara-heebaan (Curad Akisho)
 * 8) Wara-kurto
 * Obo
 * Igo
 * 1) Asaabo
 * 2) Eejo